The Virtual Laboratory

Every practical for Cambridge IGCSE and CBSE Class 9–12 in one place. Open a simulator, take your own readings, and learn the theory, method and viva questions on the same page.

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics · 0625 / 0972

IGCSE Practicals

Every practical from the Cambridge IGCSE Physics course, grouped by the six syllabus topics, so you can find the one your class is doing.

Motion, Forces & Energy 22 Thermal Physics 9 Waves, Light & Sound 9 Electricity & Magnetism 19 Nuclear Physics 3 Space Physics 2

Motion, Forces & Energy

Measurement

Estimating Measurements

Estimate lengths, masses and times, then check your estimates with real instruments.

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Measurement

The Simple Pendulum

Time the swings of a pendulum, see how its length changes the period, and calculate g.

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Density

Density of Liquids

Measure the mass and volume of different liquids and calculate their densities.

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Density

Displacement Method

Find the density of irregular solids by measuring the water they displace.

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Motion

Average Speed

Measure distance and time for a moving object and calculate its average speed.

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Motion

Speed–Time Graphs with Ticker Tape

Use a ticker timer and trolley to plot speed–time graphs and find acceleration.

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Forces

Acceleration of Free Fall

Time a falling object to estimate the acceleration due to gravity.

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Forces

Force, Mass & Acceleration

Vary the force and mass on a trolley to test Newton's second law, F = ma.

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Momentum

Momentum in Explosions

Push trolleys apart and check that momentum is conserved.

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Moments

The Weighing Machine

Use the principle of moments to balance a ruler and find an unknown weight.

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Moments

Centre of Gravity of a Lamina

Find the centre of gravity of an irregular shape using a plumb line.

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Moments

Tower Stability

Investigate how the base and centre of gravity affect how stable a tower is.

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Forces

Spring Constant (Hooke's Law)

Load a spring, plot extension against force and find the spring constant and limit of proportionality.

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Pressure

Calculating Pressure

Measure force and contact area to calculate the pressure a body exerts.

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Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Lift masses through different heights and calculate the energy stored.

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Energy

Kinetic Energy

Measure the speed of a moving object and calculate its kinetic energy.

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Energy

Energy and the Pendulum

Follow energy transfers between kinetic and potential energy in a swinging pendulum.

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Energy Resources

Solar Panels

Investigate how light intensity and angle affect the output of a solar panel.

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Energy Resources

Solar Buggies

Test how well a solar-powered buggy performs under different conditions.

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Efficiency

Efficiency of a Bouncing Ball

Compare drop and bounce heights to find how efficiently a ball transfers energy.

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Work & Power

Work Done

Measure force and distance moved to calculate the work done.

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Work & Power

Mechanical Power

Time yourself or a motor lifting a load and calculate the power developed.

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Thermal Physics

Particle Model

Changes of State

Plot heating and cooling curves and identify melting and boiling points.

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Thermal Properties

Thermal Expansion of Solids

Observe how solids expand when heated and why gaps are left in structures.

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Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity of a Metal

Heat an aluminium block electrically and calculate its specific heat capacity.

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Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity of Water

Heat a known mass of water and calculate its specific heat capacity.

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Thermal Properties

Surface Area & Evaporation

Find how surface area affects the rate at which a liquid evaporates and cools.

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Energy Transfer

Conductors of Thermal Energy

Compare how quickly different materials conduct thermal energy.

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Energy Transfer

Investigating Absorption

Find which surfaces absorb infrared radiation best.

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Energy Transfer

Convection

See convection currents in water and air and explain how they form.

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Energy Transfer

Radiation

Compare how dull, shiny, black and white surfaces emit infrared radiation.

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Waves, Light & Sound

Waves

Waves on a Spring

Make transverse and longitudinal waves on a slinky and measure their properties.

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Waves

Properties of Waves (Ripple Tank)

Observe reflection, refraction and diffraction of water waves.

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Light

Virtual Image in a Plane Mirror

Locate the image in a plane mirror and show it is as far behind as the object is in front.

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Light

Refractive Index of Glass

Trace rays through a glass block and calculate its refractive index.

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Light

Total Internal Reflection

Find the critical angle of a glass block and see total internal reflection.

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Light

Dispersion of White Light

Split white light into a spectrum with a prism.

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EM Spectrum

Investigating Infrared Waves

Detect infrared radiation and explore its properties.

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Sound

Measuring the Speed of Sound

Use echoes or two microphones to measure the speed of sound in air.

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Sound

Sound Through Different Substances

Compare how sound travels through solids, liquids and gases.

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Electricity & Magnetism

Magnetism

Magnetic Materials

Test which materials are magnetic and explore attraction and repulsion.

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Magnetism

Exploring Magnetic Fields

Plot magnetic field lines around magnets with a compass and iron filings.

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Magnetism

Investigating Electromagnets

Find how the current and number of turns affect an electromagnet's strength.

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Electromagnetism

Magnetic Effect of a Current

Map the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire and coil.

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Static Electricity

Investigating Static Electricity

Charge objects by friction and observe attraction and repulsion.

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Static Electricity

Producing & Detecting Charge

Produce electrostatic charge and detect it with an electroscope.

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Static Electricity

Conductors & Insulators

Test which materials let charge flow through them.

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Circuits

Investigating Current

Measure current at different points in series and parallel circuits.

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Circuits

Determining Resistance

Use an ammeter and voltmeter to plot a V–I graph and find resistance.

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Circuits

Resistance of a Wire

Find how the length and thickness of a wire affect its resistance.

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Circuits

Current in Components

Compare the V–I characteristics of a resistor, a lamp and a diode.

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Circuits

Light-Dependent Resistors

Measure how an LDR's resistance changes with light intensity.

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Circuits

Thermistors

Measure how a thermistor's resistance changes with temperature.

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Circuits

Resistors in Series & Parallel

Measure the combined resistance of resistors in series and in parallel.

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Electrical Safety

Investigating Fuses

See how fuse wire melts when the current is too large.

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Electromagnetism

Making a Relay Circuit

Build a relay and see how a small current switches a larger one.

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Electromagnetism

The Motor Effect

Observe the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

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Induction

Electromagnetic Induction in a Coil

Move a magnet in a coil and find what affects the induced voltage.

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Induction

Investigating Transformers

Find how the number of turns changes the output voltage of a transformer.

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Nuclear Physics

The Atom

Structure of the Atom

Build a model of the nuclear atom: protons, neutrons and electrons.

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The Atom

The Alpha Scattering Experiment

Model Rutherford's experiment and see why it revealed the nucleus.

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Radioactivity

Radioactive Decay Model

Model random decay and find the half-life from a decay curve.

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Space Physics

Earth & Moon

Phases of the Moon

Model how the Moon's position around the Earth produces its phases.

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Gravity

Gravity on Other Worlds

Measure the acceleration of free fall and compare gravitational field strength on planets.

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CBSE · NCERT

CBSE Practicals

The official CBSE practical lists for the 2026–27 session, class by class: every experiment, plus the activities for Classes 11 and 12.

Class 9 5 Class 10 6 Class 11 20 Class 12 15

Class 9

As per the CBSE Class 9 Science curriculum 2026–27 (physics practicals).

Energy

Conservation of Energy with a Pendulum

Verify the law of conservation of energy using a simple pendulum.

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Waves

Speed of a Pulse

Find the speed of a pulse travelling along a stretched string or slinky.

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Simple Machines

Mechanical Advantage of a Lever

Calculate the mechanical advantage of a lever: M.A. = Load / Effort.

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Motion

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Verify F = ma using a trolley, pulley and hanging masses.

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Motion

Distance–Time & Velocity–Time Graphs

Plot motion graphs for a trolley running down an inclined plane.

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Class 10

As per the CBSE Class 10 Science curriculum 2026–27 (physics practicals).

Electricity

Ohm's Law: V–I Graph

Study how the potential difference across a resistor depends on the current, and find its resistance.

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Electricity

Resistors in Series & Parallel

Find the equivalent resistance of two resistors in series and in parallel.

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Light

Focal Length of a Concave Mirror

Find the focal length by forming the image of a distant object.

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Light

Focal Length of a Convex Lens

Find the focal length by forming the image of a distant object.

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Light

Refraction through a Glass Slab

Trace rays through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence.

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Light

Refraction through a Prism

Trace the path of rays of light through a glass prism.

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Class 11

As per the CBSE Physics curriculum 2026–27. Students perform at least 8 experiments (4 from each section) and 6 activities (3 from each section).

Section A · Experiments

Measurement

Vernier Callipers

Measure the diameter of a small sphere or cylinder, and the internal diameter and depth of a beaker.

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Measurement

Screw Gauge: Wire & Sheet

Measure the diameter of a wire and the thickness of a sheet.

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Measurement

Screw Gauge: Volume of a Lamina

Find the volume of an irregular lamina.

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Measurement

Spherometer

Find the radius of curvature of a spherical surface.

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Measurement

Beam Balance

Find the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.

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Vectors

Parallelogram Law of Vectors

Find the weight of a body using the parallelogram law of vectors.

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Oscillations

Second's Pendulum

Plot L–T² for a simple pendulum and find the effective length of a second's pendulum.

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Oscillations

Pendulum Bobs of Different Mass

Study whether the time period depends on the mass of the bob.

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Friction

Limiting Friction

Relate limiting friction to normal reaction and find the coefficient of friction.

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Mechanics

Roller on an Inclined Plane

Find the downward force on a roller and plot it against sin θ.

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Section B · Experiments

Elasticity

Young's Modulus

Find the Young's modulus of the material of a given wire.

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Elasticity

Spring Constant

Plot load against extension to find the force constant of a helical spring.

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Gases

Boyle's Law (P–V)

Study how the volume of air changes with pressure at constant temperature.

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Fluids

Surface Tension

Find the surface tension of water by the capillary rise method.

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Fluids

Viscosity (Terminal Velocity)

Find the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid from the terminal velocity of a sphere.

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Heat

Newton's Law of Cooling

Plot a cooling curve of temperature against time for a hot body.

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Heat

Specific Heat by Method of Mixtures

Find the specific heat capacity of a solid by the method of mixtures.

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Waves

Sonometer: Frequency & Length

Study how frequency depends on the length of a wire at constant tension.

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Waves

Sonometer: Length & Tension

Study how length depends on tension at constant frequency.

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Waves

Resonance Tube

Find the speed of sound in air using two resonance positions.

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Section A · Activities

  • Make a paper scale of a given least count (e.g. 0.2 cm, 0.5 cm)
  • Find the mass of a body with a metre scale by the principle of moments
  • Plot a graph with proper scales and error bars
  • Measure limiting friction for a roller on a horizontal plane
  • Range of a projectile and the angle of projection
  • Conservation of energy of a ball on a double inclined plane
  • Energy dissipation of a pendulum: amplitude² against time

Section B · Activities

  • Cooling curve for molten wax
  • Effect of heating on a bimetallic strip
  • Change in liquid level in a container on heating
  • Effect of detergent on surface tension (capillary rise)
  • Factors affecting the rate of heat loss of a liquid
  • Depression of a loaded metre scale (end and middle)
  • Decrease in pressure with increase in fluid velocity

Class 12

As per the CBSE Physics curriculum 2026–27. Students perform at least 8 experiments (4 from each section) and 6 activities (3 from each section).

Section A · Experiments

Current Electricity

Resistivity from V–I Graphs

Find the resistivity of two or three wires by plotting potential difference against current.

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Current Electricity

Metre Bridge: Resistance

Find the resistance of a given wire or standard resistor.

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Current Electricity

Metre Bridge: Combination of Resistances

Verify the laws of series or parallel combination of resistances.

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Magnetic Effects

Galvanometer: Half-Deflection Method

Find the resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer.

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Magnetic Effects

Galvanometer to Voltmeter / Ammeter

Convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter or an ammeter of a given range and verify it.

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AC

Frequency of AC Mains

Find the frequency of AC mains using a sonometer.

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Section B · Experiments

Optics

Concave Mirror: u–v Method

Find v for different u and determine the focal length of a concave mirror.

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Optics

Focal Length of a Convex Mirror

Find the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens.

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Optics

Convex Lens: u–v Graphs

Find the focal length from u–v or 1/u–1/v graphs.

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Optics

Focal Length of a Concave Lens

Find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens.

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Optics

Prism: Angle of Minimum Deviation

Plot angle of deviation against angle of incidence and find the minimum deviation.

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Optics

Travelling Microscope

Find the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

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Optics

Refractive Index of a Liquid (Convex Lens)

Use a convex lens and plane mirror to find a liquid's refractive index.

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Optics

Refractive Index of a Liquid (Concave Mirror)

Use a concave mirror and plane mirror to find a liquid's refractive index.

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Semiconductors

p–n Junction Diode Characteristics

Draw the I–V curve of a diode in forward and reverse bias.

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Section A · Activities

  • Resistance and impedance of an inductor, with and without an iron core
  • Use a multimeter to measure resistance, voltage, current and continuity
  • Assemble a household circuit with three bulbs, switches and a fuse
  • Assemble the components of a given electrical circuit
  • Potential drop along a wire carrying a steady current
  • Draw and correct the diagram of a given open circuit

Section B · Activities

  • Identify a diode, LED, resistor and capacitor from a mixed collection
  • Use a multimeter to see one-way current in a diode and an LED
  • Effect of light intensity on an LDR
  • Refraction and lateral deviation through a glass slab
  • Diffraction of light by a thin slit
  • Image formed by a convex lens or concave mirror
  • Make a lens combination of a given focal length

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